251 research outputs found
Backward Cherenkov radiation emitted by polariton solitons in a microcavity wire
Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities form a highly nonlinear platform to study a variety of effects interfacing optical, condensed matter, quantum and statistical physics. We show that the complex polariton patterns generated by picosecond pulses in microcavity wire waveguides can be understood as the Cherenkov radiation emitted by bright polariton solitons, which is enabled by the unique microcavity polariton dispersion, which has momentum intervals with positive and negative group velocities. Unlike in optical fibres and semiconductor waveguides, we observe that the microcavity wire Cherenkov radiation is predominantly emitted with negative group velocity and therefore propagates backwards relative to the propagation direction of the emitting soliton. We have developed a theory of the microcavity wire polariton solitons and of their Cherenkov radiation and conducted a series of experiments, where we have measured polariton-soliton pulse compression, pulse breaking and emission of the backward Cherenkov radiation
The bio refinery; producing feed and fuel from grain
It is both possible and practicable to produce feed and fuel from grain. Using the value of grain to produce renewable energy for transport, while using the remaining protein content of the grain as a valuable protein source for livestock and for fish, can be seen as a complimentary and optimal use of all the grain constituents. Consideration must be given to maximise the value of the yeast components, as substantial yeast is generated during the fermentation of the grain starch to produce ethanol. Yeast is a nutritionally rich feed ingredient, with potential for use both as feed protein and as a feed supplement with possible immunity and gut health enhancing properties. Bioprocessing, with the consequent economies of scale, is a process whereby the value of grain can be optimised in a way that is traditional, natural and sustainable for primarily producing protein and oil for feed with a co-product ethanol as a renewable fuel
4He decay of excited states in 14C
A study of the 7Li(9Be,4He 10Be)2H reaction at E{beam}=70 MeV has been
performed using resonant particle spectroscopy techniques and provides the
first measurements of alpha-decaying states in 14C. Excited states are observed
at 14.7, 15.5, 16.4, 18.5, 19.8, 20.6, 21.4, 22.4 and 24.0 MeV. The
experimental technique was able to resolve decays to the various particle bound
states in 10Be, and provides evidence for the preferential decay of the high
energy excited states into states in 10Be at ~6 MeV. The decay processes are
used to indicate the possible cluster structure of the 14C excited states.Comment: accepted for publication in PR
Quantum information processing with superconducting qubits in a microwave field
We investigate the quantum dynamics of a Cooper-pair box with a
superconducting loop in the presence of a nonclassical microwave field. We
demonstrate the existence of Rabi oscillations for both single- and
multi-photon processes and, moreover, we propose a new quantum computing scheme
(including one-bit and conditional two-bit gates) based on Josephson qubits
coupled through microwaves.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
Spin domains in one-dimensional conservative polariton solitons
We report stable orthogonally polarized domains in high-density polariton solitons propagating in a semiconductor microcavity wire. This effect arises from spin-dependent polaritonâpolariton interactions and pump-induced imbalance of polariton spin populations. The interactions result in an effective magnetic field acting on polariton spin across the soliton profile, leading to the formation of polarization domains. Our experimental findings are in excellent agreement with theoretical modeling taking into account these effects
Theory of Two-Dimensional Quantum Heisenberg Antiferromagnets with a Nearly Critical Ground State
We present the general theory of clean, two-dimensional, quantum Heisenberg
antiferromagnets which are close to the zero-temperature quantum transition
between ground states with and without long-range N\'{e}el order. For
N\'{e}el-ordered states, `nearly-critical' means that the ground state
spin-stiffness, , satisfies , where is the
nearest-neighbor exchange constant, while `nearly-critical' quantum-disordered
ground states have a energy-gap, , towards excitations with spin-1,
which satisfies . Under these circumstances, we show that the
wavevector/frequency-dependent uniform and staggered spin susceptibilities, and
the specific heat, are completely universal functions of just three
thermodynamic parameters. Explicit results for the universal scaling functions
are obtained by a expansion on the quantum non-linear sigma model,
and by Monte Carlo simulations. These calculations lead to a variety of
testable predictions for neutron scattering, NMR, and magnetization
measurements. Our results are in good agreement with a number of numerical
simulations and experiments on undoped and lightly-doped .Comment: 81 pages, REVTEX 3.0, smaller updated version, YCTP-xxx
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in âs = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fbâ1 of protonâproton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
Intercomparison and evaluation of global aerosol microphysical properties among AeroCom models of a range of complexity
Many of the next generation of global climate models will include aerosol schemes which explicitly simulate the microphysical processes that determine the particle size distribution. These models enable aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations to be determined by fundamental aerosol processes, which should lead to a more physically based simulation of aerosol direct and indirect radiative forcings. This study examines the global variation in particle size distribution simulated by 12 global aerosol microphysics models to quantify model diversity and to identify any common biases against observations. Evaluation against size distribution measurements from a new European network of aerosol supersites shows that the mean model agrees quite well with the observations at many sites on the annual mean, but there are some seasonal biases common to many sites. In particular, at many of these European sites, the accumulation mode number concentration is biased low during winter and Aitken mode concentrations tend to be overestimated in winter and underestimated in summer. At high northern latitudes, the models strongly underpredict Aitken and accumulation particle concentrations compared to the measurements, consistent with previous studies that have highlighted the poor performance of global aerosol models in the Arctic. In the marine boundary layer, the models capture the observed meridional variation in the size distribution, which is dominated by the Aitken mode at high latitudes, with an increasing concentration of accumulation particles with decreasing latitude. Considering vertical profiles, the models reproduce the observed peak in total particle concentrations in the upper troposphere due to new particle formation, although modelled peak concentrations tend to be biased high over Europe. Overall, the multi-model-mean data set simulates the global variation of the particle size distribution with a good degree of skill, suggesting that most of the individual global aerosol microphysics models are performing well, although the large model diversity indicates that some models are in poor agreement with the observations. Further work is required to better constrain size-resolved primary and secondary particle number sources, and an improved understanding of nucleation and growth (e.g. the role of nitrate and secondary organics) will improve the fidelity of simulated particle size distributions
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